Indications for Testing
Accidental or intentional poisoning from illicit or licit substances
Decontamination or detoxification
Suspected overdose of licit or illicit substances in patient presenting with altered cognition
Metabolic acidosis of unknown cause
Signs and symptoms of toxicity in event of known or suspected hazardous exposure
Timing of Specimen Collection
In acute emergency, there are no specific timing recommendations – specimens should be collected as soon as possible if toxicity is suspected
For decontamination or detoxification samples (eg, Tylenol poisoning) – intervals for retesting are determined on a case by case basis
Specimen Selection
Blood – used for most testing; provides quantitative and qualitative information
Urine – may be used in select cases when only qualitative information is needed
